Chasidim And Old Order Amish A Comparison Essays - Baal Shem

Chasidim And Old Order Amish: A Comparison Chasidim and Old Order Amish: A Comparison The two groups to be examined are the Chasidim and the Old Order Amish. We will begin with a brief look at the history of each group. The Chasidim, or Hasidim, as more commonly known, are a cult within the tradition of Judaism. The word ?Hasid? derives from the Hebrew word for ?pious?. Hasidism dates back to the early eighteenth century and originated in central and Eastern Europe. Its founder was a man named Israel ben Eliezer (c.1700-1760). He is otherwise known as the Baal Shem Tov. In Hebrew ?Baal Shem? means, ?master of the [good] name?. It is a title given to men who are endowed with mystical powers. According to Hasidic belief, Adonai (God) chooses these men. The Baal Shem Tov taught a new way of practicing Judaism that was strikingly different than what was considered acceptable at that time. It was his contention that God was everywhere and in all things?including man. There was no need for rigorous study of Torah (the Pentateuch, or Five Books of Moses). A man's education?or lack thereof, is unimportant. Accordingly, an honest prayer from an unlearned Jew is just as powerful than a prayer made by a talmid chachem (an expert in Talmud). The Besht insisted that unity with God was possible through spontaneous prayer, ecstatic emotion, song, and dance. Jews were to embrace their raw emotions, release their passions?and not to suppress them as they might interfere with the analytic study of Judaism. This new way of worship was unlike anything that had been previously seen in Judaism. It appealed to great numbers of Jews, namely the uneducated masses. The rise of popularity of Hasidism was also aided by its timing. As Leo Rosten writes about the Baal Shem Tov in his book The Joys of Yiddish, ?He brought the excitement of hope into the lives of Polish Jewry, who had been decimated during a decade of savage Cossack progroms.? Despite the renewed enthusiasm it engendered, it also found strong opposition, namely from the misnagdim. For the misnagdim, study figures as the supreme religious act. This is not so for the Hasidim. The teachings of the Besht place an emphasis on the doing of mitzvahs. The literal translation of this Hebrew word is ?commandment? but when used commonly ?mitzvah? refers to any virtuous deed. The Talmud-studying community considered the Baal Shem Tov outrageous and heretical. However, this did not appear to bother the Besht over-much as he derided the learned Talmudists, branding them sterile pedants who ?through sheer study of the Law have no time to think about God. Despite the opposition the Hasidim grew to i nclude approximately 10,000 Jews. After the death of the Baal Shem Tov in 1760, Rabbi Dov Baer took over as the leader of the Hasidim. It was during his leadership that the teachings of the Baal Shem Tov were organized into a set doctrine. Hasidim membership grew during this period, causing Jewish authorities to grow concerned and subsequently to impose a ban on Hasidim. Nevertheless, Hasidism continued to thrive in Europe until the rise of the third Reich. It was after the devastation of the Holocaust that the Hasidim immigrated to the United States. The decision to leave Europe for America did not come easily, ?Many Hasidim feared that the religious and political freedoms of the United States would finish the job that Hitler could not finish in the ovens of Auschwitz.? . Like the Hasidim, the Amish descended from a larger religion. In their case, the Amish stem from the Anabaptists. The Anabaptists were a sixteenth century religious group. Anabaptist beliefs included adult baptism and worship held in the home and not at a church. These are beliefs that the present-day Amish hold. The Anabaptists suffered a split as a result of disagreements over basic religious practices. Menno Simons, a Dutch Anabaptist, founded one of the splits. His followers were known as the Mennonites. This group faced heavy persecution and eventually fled to Switzerland. It is from the Mennonites that the Amish descend; Jakob Amman, a Mennonite preacher, founded his own branch which came to be known as the Amish. Jakob Amman's main reason for starting

Rock Genres In the 90s essays

Rock Genres In the 90's essays Rock music was decaying in the late 80s. The rock scene was suffering from a repetetive pattern of big hair, flashy clothes, long guitar solos, and lyrics that werent relating to the listeners. The music industry was begging for something new. This is the beat up state that rock was left in during the early nineties. But little did anyone know what was in store for rock in the 90s. What was about to come would redefine the meaning of rock forever. In the early 90s a band called Nirvana had made its debut into the mainstream. This band had bred the first genre of the 90s, Grunge. After the fall of Grunge a new genre had to take place. So once again the music industry was in need of something new. And so dawned the era of Alternative Punk, the second genre. Leading the scene were Green Day and Offspring. The punk scene brought on a whole new vibe of raw energy and anarchy. When the punk scene started to die down, a new breed of rock was surfacing to the mainstream. The Metal/Hardcore was the final genre of rock in the 90s. It consisted of bands such as KoRn, Limp Bizkit, and Rob Zombie. This genre was the hardest of the genres and could definantly cause the hugest mosh pit. The first genre of rock was called Grunge. It was named this simpley because of its lack of interest in fashion and the growling barked out vocals. It couldnt have came at a better time then it did. The later 80s were emerging and there was no sign of something new. That is untill a three piece band called Nirvana (spiritual place of peace) from Seattle led by guitarrist/vocalist Kurt Cobain landed their first album tittled Bleach in 1989. This album errupted into the underground music scene like fire, which had top notch record labels knocking on their door. It wasnt untill their sophmore album (Nevermind) that they achieved extreme ...

Enlightenment and Modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Enlightenment and Modernity - Essay Example Intellectuals emerged and new knowledge permeated every facet of educated life. The Enlightenment period welcomed Industrial Revolution. This created jobs for the rural and educated dwellers. The advancements of Enlightenment transformed the European nations into more intelligent and self-aware civilization. The thinkers and writers believed that they were more enlightened than their fellow citizens were and therefore took the initiative to educate them. They held that through reasoning people could build a better world. People could solve problems through rational thought and experimentation. This was because a reasonable person could eradicate ignorance, superstition, and autocracy (Beales, 2005:81). People increased their reading habits because of availability of books from the publishing firms. This paper will endeavour to establish the role that publishers and readers played in the dissemination of enlightenment thought. The principles of enlightenment spread throughout Europe a nd America mainly through reading and writings. Debating societies, coffeehouses, salons, and literary circles came into being all over Europe. People interacted through studying and discussing wide rage of topics. The inquiry of knowledge led to emergence of big academies such as the Royal Society of London and Academy of Sciences in Paris. The academy concentrated on sciences such as biology, anatomy, botany, and astronomy. The academies gave little consideration on religious and spiritual studies. In Germany, only aristocracy and bourgeoisie studied in the academies. Conversely, French academies allowed all the citizens to participate in learning regardless of religious beliefs, social classes, and gender (Beales, 2005:83). Great writers, readers, and publishers came up to disseminate information on enlightenment thoughts. Authors passed their ideas to the readers in form of plays, essays, newspapers, journals, pamphlets, and books. Many people craved for knowledge and wanted fre e access to the literary works of the intellectuals who spearheaded enlightenment. Public libraries remained accessible to all people due to increasing demand to fight illiteracy. People could participate in society of Enlightenment. The publishers and readers were very active in dissemination of the writings of the scholars such as Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The availability of publication machines in Europe was an indispensable tool for quick dissemination of enlightenment thoughts. The expansion of large printing machines generated journals, reviews, letters ensuring faster transmission of information and images in coffee rooms, salons, lodgings, scientific societies, provincial academies, and debating clubs (Brewer, 2006:10). With this information in their midst, people could read for themselves, interrogate, and chat the way forward to achieve the benefits of Enlightenment. Intellectual people imparted new knowledge to the masses thus decolonisin g their primitive and backward thoughts. The vast information in form of printed materials expanded the comprehension base of the readers. The intellectuals criticised the church for misleading the people. The views in the print materials acted as guiding principles for creation of strong nations that embraced reasoning. Continued reading and publication of enlightenment materials brought significant changes in Europe. People could challenge the church and monarchies. Intellectuals viewed the church as an impediment to the forward march of human

E-Logistics Assignment2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

E-Logistics Assignment2 - Essay Example This role of SCM in organizational functioning continues to evolve, with the incorporation of advanced technologies and other innovations. These innovations optimize the SCM, thereby reaching the product and services to the clients aptly, thereby improving the efficiencies of the organizations. It will be applicable for all organization and that includes even the fictional ones like VF Brands global supply chain strategy. From the early times, VF brands has maximally used a mix of in-house manufacturing and as part of SCM, traditional arms-length sourcing arrangements. However, with certain problems arising in these sections, and importantly with many opportunities in the anvil, the company wants to try a third approach. Through this, Third approach, VF wants to build a closer cooperation and partnerships with its supplier base. Thus, the main purpose of this 'third way' approach is to create and actualize a relationship with its suppliers, which combines accomplishment of its goals, even while maintaining flexibility in sourcing. So, this paper will analyze this case of VF Design, focusing on the challenges of the ' Third-way Supply chain strategy, and then advising Chris Fraser on supply chain strategy. ... It largely deals with procurement and sales issues in an organization. Effective supply chain is a major requirement in all firms in order to remain relevant and competitive in the current market. Supply chain management can be defined as the process of finding raw materials for production of goods and services, manufacturing of the goods, transfer of the manufactured products to the customers including the middle-men and continued flow of communication among the parties involved. â€Å"Supply Chain Management is the designing and management of the process that will ensure that the Supply Chain will be effectively carried out across organizational boundaries so as to meet the requirements of the end customer.† (supplychainmanagement.in).This is applicable to VF Brands as well, as it has a current sustaining supply chain, but wants to develop a even more stronger and effective one. Supply chain management covers the flow of information, goods and finances between the organizati on and the supplier. All these flows are bidirectional that is, the flow can be from an organization to a supplier as well as a v to the organization. Figure 1.0 category of flows in supply chain management. A supply chain cannot be fully effective if there is no communication between the organization and the supplier. This communication can be in form of orders, feedback from customer, inquiry, announcement of new offers by the supplier, etc. Communication is a vital tool to maintain good business and client. A customer’s feedback can give a manufacturer new idea on improvement of a particular product, a customer can learn about a new product from the manufacturer via this critical mode. Business can not be complete without

Earning Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Earning Management - Essay Example In addition, key defense in the financial management is full disclosure. This implies that if all the information available for positional analysis of a company is available and true, analysts are able to provide timely and effective advisory information for a company. However, when a company decides to provide fraudulent information to gain investors’ preference and stakeholders favors, the companies end up being overwhelmed with deceptive information and at last lose the very thing they have been fighting to win (Temte, 2005). To increase the quality of financial reporting and hence the credibility of the information contained therein, there must be some ethical consideration. This implies that it is unethical for any company to intentionally and inappropriately conceal information that would change the financial image of a company.   Further, honesty has always been considered the best policy, especially in business. Companies that undertake earning management are doing nothing less than dishonesty. The use of deferring maintenance to post positive image does not mean that the deferred activities are not to be undertaken. What happens is that the deferred activities will I the long run cost the company a fortune (Vataliya, 2009). And since the company made investors and analysts believe that it is doing well financially through fraudulent data, then the company loses all that it has sought to save. The investors and stakeholders, therefore, feel deceived and that a company they have depended on has been dishonest.

Tourism Management Efficiency Maximization Model

Tourism Management Efficiency Maximization Model Tourism management efficiency maximization model AHP and Grey Theory Analysis Keywords: AHP, gray theory, tourism management efficiency, maximization model, modeling, analysis. Abstract.  In this paper, we build housing performance evaluation model with AHP to determine the index system of residential properties. And further judgment matrix to determine the weight of each index. At the same time according to the weight of each index, combined with gray relational theory associate degree real residence with an ideal model among the analyzed system will simplify complex issues, the abstract problems concrete, the quantitative results and qualitative analysis of the perfect combination, and provide consumers with a practical assessment tool. Tourist Perception is tourism tourist objects, environmental conditions and other travel information psychological process obtained through the senses travelers. Tourist Perception involves many factors assessment, evaluation is not complete and inaccurate information, determine the comprehensive evaluation of gray for the characteristics of the analytic hierarchy process and gray combination of theoretical tourists were perceived perception evaluation. It analyzes the key factors that influence the perception of tourists, and on this basis, build a tourist perception evaluation system; then AHP to determine the weight of each index weight; final evaluation model based on five main Guilin Tourism Circle Tourism, for example, tourists perceive a comprehensive evaluation. Empirical studies show that the multi-level gray evaluation results obtained tourists perceived objective, reliable and able to provide a basis for decision-making tourism planning, management and marketing. Introduction Extensive tourist behavior research relates to the field, Tourist Perception is one of the important areas. Tourist Perception refers to the tourists through the psychological process of tourism and the tourism objects obtained senses, environmental conditions and other travel information. From the perspective of behavioral geography to study the perception of tourists, contribute to enrich and improve the system of tourism geography research, provide guidance for tourism development and planning, making tourism resources development, tourism product design, development and other aspects of the tourist market work more effective. With house prices rising, the housing problem is peoples lives is an important part. Therefore, evaluation of residential properties becomes increasingly important. However, the problem is very complex house performance evaluation, the system complex relationship between the factors and is constantly changing, yet can not accurately grasp its intrinsic relevant contact, with a certain grayness. In this context the AHP and gray correlation method combine residential properties were evaluated in order to make the evaluation results more scientific and practical. Satie operations research by the famous American family in the early 1970s proposed AHP is a kind of decision-making qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the combination of decision makers thought process complex problems can be systematic, modeling , quantitative. This paper uses AHP to establish residential and functional evaluation system to determine the weight of each index. Environmental quality assessment is a comprehensive contribution of various pollution factors of pollution on environmental quality, to be the extent of the merits of environmental quality assessment of environmental systems. Establish an objectively describe the environmental quality of mathematical models, has been an important topic in environmental science. In recent years, despite environmental quality assessment fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method made some progress. However, since this method has some deficiencies. Tourist Perception tourists comprehensive tourism products and services reflect the degree of perception, is affected by several factors, and the link between factors with incomplete, difficult to accurately quantify the kind of multi-layered, complex evaluation problem, consider using AHP comprehensive evaluation, AHP identify systemic problems, high reliability is high, but when the use of expert consultation, easy to grasp the scale are not allowed to lose some information to the new media of Ideological and Political Education challenges. In addition, tourists perceive the evaluation is based on the evaluators personal preferences, cultural background, experience and cognitive experience, it is difficult to exclude many deviations caused by human factors, resulting in the evaluation information provided in the evaluation less accurate, or with gray nature. Tourist Perception Evaluation solve the above information appears in incomplete, inaccurate information is an effective way to put the problem of gray system theory with analytic hierarchy Combination. Grey system theory for inaccurate information, with incomplete analysis system has obvious advantages, and the sample size is not critical requirements. Figure.1 Analytic hierarchy process The Proposed Methodology Multilevel Grey Evaluation Method. Tourist Perception assessment should first analyze the key factors affecting the perception of tourists, build a multi-level hierarchical evaluation index system, using AHP to determine the weight of indicators, the development of standard rating scale evaluation of the last evaluation model based on a comprehensive assessment to determine the value. Evaluation and the importance of the target is different, that have different weights. Using the principle of AHP, inter twenty-two indicators compare pairs of importance to construct judgment matrix, and then re-used method for solving matrix eigenvalues à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹obtained rights. Evaluation is subjective indicators, namely qualitative indicators, qualitative indicators can be achieved through the development of quantitative indicators Grading standards. Gray evaluation weight matrix as follows: (1) Evaluation results are: (2) Evaluation of each layer is determined by the weight of analytic hierarchy process. We chose from the Guilin Tourism Bureau, tourism experts Guilin College of 20 people, according to the scaling theory of AHP qualitative relative importance among the three indexes to compare. Given the relative importance of the different expert opinions vary between indicators, after two rounds of feedback, get the final calibration value comparison between the index and the right to seek re-evaluation of each of these indicators. Figure.2 Multilevel evaluation method The use of multi-level gray evaluation method Tourist Perception initial attempt evaluated. The analytic hierarchy process and gray system theory, to effectively address information Tourist Perception Evaluation appear incomplete and inaccurate information on the issue. Guilin Tourism Circle by empirical study five major tourist destination, results are objective and credible. Overall, the principle of the method is clear, simple calculation, and a small amount of sample required, it is possible for tourists perceive scientific and standardized evaluation provide a useful reference. Of course, this method also has some areas for improvement, such as the selection and improve the evaluation system, a reasonable sample size determination and the like. Mathematical model of gray association.Factor between the two systems, which change with time or different objects and measure the size of the association, known as associate degrees. In the system development process, if the two factors are consistent trends, ie a higher degree of simultaneous changes that can be described as both a high degree of association; on the contrary, lower. Thus, the gray correlation analysis method, based on the degree of similarity or dissimilarity between the trends of factors, namely the gray correlation degree as a method to measure the degree of association between factors. Comparative characteristic behavior of the system to determine the number of reference series and the system behaves column reflect the characteristics of system behavior data sequence, called the reference number of columns. Sequence data composed of factors affecting the behavior of the system, called the comparison sequence. Due to the different systems of physical significance of various factors, resulting in dimensional data is not necessarily the same, is not easy to compare, or comparison is difficult to get the correct conclusion. Therefore, during the gray system analysis, it is generally required to be non-dimensional data processing. Analytic Hierarchy Process above and gray association analysis of steel structure housing, residential and residential masonry structure framework of a comprehensive evaluation of the performance and the degree of correlation obtained with three different ideal residential residential structure between, so as to achieve three different evaluation of the structure of residential properties, advantages and disadvantages compare its performance level. Using AHP and gray correlation method for comprehensive evaluation of residential properties, and residential steel frame and masonry structure residential housing construction comprehensive evaluation of performance, and obtain associate degrees in three different structures between residential housing over the same . It can be seen that the AHP and gray correlation combine residential properties were evaluated, taking into account not only of each index in the whole impact factor, but also to achieve the degree of association between actual residence with the ideal model of analysis, and quantitative results qualitative analysis of the perfect combination to make the evaluation results more reasonable, more scientific and practical. Thereby providing useful information for the real estate development, but also for consumers instructive. Gray clustering method.Cluster analysis is to determine quantitatively using mathematical clustering Relationships between objects will be one kind of typing class of multivariate analysis method of gray cluster clustering is a common method of introduction of whitening function to generate gray theory is formed is a poly Whiting class object for different clusters indicators have, according to some kind of gray summarize, we put forward a number of whitening function green gray become the basis for a new clustering methods. Grey clustering method generally includes the following aspects: (1) cluster sample, determine the number of indicators and whitening; (2) determine the gray class division; (3) the number and normalized Albino gray class; (4) Albino determine the function; (5) the right to strike clustering; (6) to calculate the clustering coefficient; (7) clusters. Each sample has a corresponding coefficient for each cluster of Environmental Quality rating (gray type). In the clustering coefficient, usually gray clustering method is based on the maximum value of the coefficient is the level corresponding to the level of the sample belongs to . Grey Decision.Grey situation decision refers to the decision contains a gray element as environmental quality assessment system environment, it can be evaluated or evaluation factors deemed gray element, the environmental system as an event, different environmental quality level response, through decision analysis to determine the optimal situation, it is the level corresponding environmental evaluation. Grey decision steps are summarized below. The situation with the situation in the matrix structure; Seeking objective measures of efficacy; Multi-objective decision making; The decision-making process, that is based on the performance of each projects objectives, the selection of the maximum measure yuan, and according to the maximum measure to determine the optimal situation. Evaluation of results using different methods to the same sample of gray very different; the evaluation results and the method of gray correlation method of gray situation given the low resolution; high-resolution gray clustering method. Cause of these results, the study suggests that in the course of the first two evaluation methods used in processing right for each pollution factor; while the latter introduced the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹different weights (the right to strike clustering process). In response to these phenomena, make the following improvements. Taking into account the different pollutants, different standard values, and sometimes the absolute value of the difference is large, the level of different effects of different concentration of pollutants on the quality of the environment. Therefore, this article on the method of gray correlation method and medium gray situation related to strike the right and a method of making the right to a reasonable improvement, according to the proposed pollutant exceedances (pollutants measured concentrations and the ratio of the standard limits) of each point (k = 1,2, n) weighted correlation coefficient, then calculate correlation, based on the quality level of the size of the correlation degree determine samples (process weighted gray situation similar to this Act). Taking into account (a) a level range of the right upper (lower) weight each has a contribution to make to judge quality level shall be determined in accordance with a level greater than the sum of the principles of classification. Conclusion Grey theory consistent evaluation methods Evaluation and comparison of evaluation results improved due to take into account the interrelated nature of different weights of thought and comprehensive weight values, the method can overcome the false otherwise arise. Improved Grey Theory Evaluation law on environmental quality to evaluate not only feasible, but the results more credible, more realistic. using multilevel gray evaluation method tourist perception initial attempt evaluated. The analytic hierarchy process and gray system theory, to effectively address information Tourist Perception Evaluation appear incomplete and inaccurate information on the issue. Guilin Tourism Circle by empirical study five major tourist destination, results are objective and credible. Overall, the principle of the method is clear, simple calculation, and a small amount of sample required, it is possible for tourists perceive scientific and standardized evaluation provide a useful reference. Of course, this method also has some areas for improvement, such as the selection and improve the evaluation system, a reasonable sample size determination and the like.

Analysis of two poems; Prayer Before Birth and Easter Monday Essay

Analysis of two poems; Prayer Before Birth and Easter Monday In this essay I will be analysing two poems. Both poems reflect upon the theme of war. I will be analysing them through their meanings, forms and show how the poets use language to express their ideas and feelings. I have decided to look at the poems Prayer Before Birth by Louis MacNeice and Easter Monday by Eleanor Farjeon. Louis MacNeice was born in 1907, he died in 1963. His mother died when he was young and her death got to him deeply. He studied at Oxford and was one of a group of poets here who became famous. He was intensely affected by the political events of the 1930’s and also by the Second World War. This poem is about an unborn child praying that it should be born into a good world. The only verse which provides images of this good world is verse number three and the images of goodness are linked to nature; water, grass, trees, sky and a white light to guide him. All the other verses are filled with images of a world of hostility, repression, distraction and many of them refer to things that ...

Sam Cooke and A Change Is Gonna Come

In the midst of a time where black Americans were facing extreme ridicule and fighting for their rights, Sam Cooke arose from the Gospel music style and merged into the music known as Soul, a genre that spoke to the socially crumbling nation about peace and civil rights changes. Through his smooth style, velvety voice, handsome appearance, and appeal to black and white audiences alike, Sam Cooke made a difference in the lives of Americans in the 1960s by singing with pure emotion and soul, like in â€Å"A Change is Gonna Come. Through this genre’s sincere singing with lyrics full of emotion, a sense of understanding was brought to the people of America about the African-American struggle for equality. Soul music came from Gospel roots, emerging onto the music scene around the 1950s. Because it came from Gospel and Rhythm and Blues, the term â€Å"Soul† really is what is says: the music itself contains much feeling or â€Å"soul† in the lyrics, and the actual style of music and singing reflect gospel-hymns, just with secular lyrics instead (Scaruffi). Soul allowed the sexual innuendoes of blues lyrics, and gave way to a more catchy style that caught on with the young people of America. Major elements of Soul music include a sense of call-and-response between the soloist and the chorus, improvisation in singing various vocal runs, and an almost vocal ‘moaning’ in between lines of verses and choruses. Credited with inventing Soul is Ray Charles, who initially fused the call-and-response format with the song structure and chord changes of R&B, along with the vocal styles of Gospel (Gilmore). Charles’ song, â€Å"I’ve Got a Woman,† recorded in 1955, is credited to be the first Soul song, starting a craze of Soul that would flourish through the late 1990s. The 1960s, however, were the golden years of Soul, where the genre gave way to the fame of a few notable names like Aretha Franklin, Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, and Smokey Robinson. The styles of these artists and many others in the realm of Soul became very versatile, appealing to audiences black and white alike (Gilmore). This music showed America a piece of what was going on in lives of African Americans, uniting them in a sense, through music (Stephens). In 1959, Berry Gordy created the record company, â€Å"Hitsville, USA,† which would later become Motown Records. Every artist who came into this record company was African American until the late 1980s, and they all sang Soul. This record company played a vital role in the Civil Rights Movement, as many of the company’s artists were strong advocates of the movement, and they wrote their songs about it (Werner, 15). Known as â€Å"black music† in its time, songs of Soul in the 1960s frequently paralleled the civil rights issues the blacks were having in America. It is said that Martin Luther King, Jr. gave the Civil Rights Movement a vision, and the artists of Soul gave it a voice (Werner, 4). Because most, if not all, Soul artists at the time were African American, they could honestly sing about the true emotions they were feeling at the time and write songs that matched the reality black Americans were facing. Some of the songs that could have emulated the movement were â€Å"Respect† by Aretha Franklin, â€Å"Say It Loud, I’m Black and Proud† by James Brown, â€Å"Inner City Blues† by Marvin Gaye, and â€Å"A Change Is Gonna Come† by Sam Cooke. Sam Cooke was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, on January 22, 1931, in the midst of the Great Depression. The son of a Baptist minister, Cooke grew up singing in churches and multiple Gospel groups in the Chicago area where his family eventually moved (Bowman). In the boom of Gospel music during the time, Cooke latched onto a group known as the Soul Stirrers and became semi-famous while with the group (Gulla, 110). As a Gospel singer, Cooke was recognized to be different. He was known as the â€Å"voice of change,† having more of a pure voice compared to other artists of his time (Werner, 31). Cooke began discovering his natural vocal technique, and while still channeling the sounds of Jesus, he drew in crowds with his elegance and composure (Gulla, 111). Bobby Womack, a singer who had sang alongside Cooke in some acts said, â€Å"He went out there and started singing and people would not believe his voice. † Sam Cooke was a different breed of Gospel singer, and he changed the style, giving it an edge and a more youthful appeal. In 1955, Cooke began cutting secular songs to make it big with Specialty Records, and became a hit instantly with his hits, â€Å"I’ll Come Running Back to You,† and â€Å"You Send Me† (Gulla, 114). His short career produced many memorable hits and records, and in the midst of it, Cooke served his black community in the struggle over civil rights. In parallel to the movement and in light of his son’s tragic death and Bob Dylan’s â€Å"Blowin’ In the Wind,† Cooke wrote, â€Å"A Change Is Gonna Come† in 1963 (â€Å"Song Facts†). Cooke suddenly died in 1964, right before the release of the song, and black America plunged into despair because he had been a ray of light, a symbol of hope, and an emblem of equality and racial balance (Gulla, 109). He had been an icon for both blacks and whites alike. In spite of his shorted career, â€Å"A Change Is Gonna Come† affected America with is raw lyrics and unprecedented emotion Cooke displays in his song. â€Å"A Change Is Gonna Come† was released eleven days after Cooke’s death as a final farewell to his audiences that loved him. The song expresses the soul of the freedom movement as clearly as one of Dr. King’s speeches (Werner, 33). The song begins with a melodramatic playing of the strings and French horn, interrupted by Cooke’s voice bearing witness to the restlessness that keeps him moving like the muddy river bordering the Delta where he was born. Cooke then goes vocally into what could seemingly be back to his Gospel roots, saying that â€Å"It’s been a long, long time coming,† and in the second â€Å"long,† Cooke carries the weight of of a bone-deep gospel weariness (Werner, 33). Cooke then gives reassurance to the listeners that he â€Å"know[s] a change is gonna come. † The classic â€Å"whoa-whoa-whoa,† a Sam Cooke signature, is sang in the middle of the word â€Å"know† to give it emphasis, claiming this truth to America and the world, that a change will indeed come. These same lines are repeated at the end of every verse, giving a clearer answer to the problems Cooke poses, saying â€Å"It’s been a long time coming, but I know a change is gonna come, oh yes it will† (Werner, 34). The second verse declares, â€Å"It’s been too hard living, but I’m afraid to die,† giving way the hard troubles African Americans go through, and not to give up the fight, for what is up â€Å"beyond the sky† is unknown to Cooke. The third verse speaks of segregation: â€Å"I go to the movie and I go downtown, somebody keep telling me don't hang around,† meaning people turning him and others down publicly because they are black. Next is the bridge, and it is different musically: the steady beat of the percussion halts for a moment, and builds up to Cooke saying â€Å"I go to my brother†¦ but his winds keep knockin’ me down. † This suggests that his â€Å"brother† is the white population, denying blacks justice and peace in the midst of their trials when they continually ask for it. Cooke then lets out a deep, emotional â€Å"Ohhhhh† leading up to the climax of the last verse. The horns pick up stronger in the fourth verse, and the pace of the song gains a stronger, semi-faster tempo. The tempo and instrumentation of the last verse gives a bolder feel to the song, making it have a â€Å"victorious sound,† which are not as sentimental as the verses in the beginning of the song. This fourth verse declares the strength of Cooke, declaring, â€Å"I think I'm able to carry on. † This reveals that through all these troubles, he is willing to put up a fight and carry on with his life. The song is ended with the repeated lines again, and a beautiful exit of the strings and horns, ending on a harmonious chord, symbolizing a harmony in America that can be reached if a change really does come. The reception and legacy of Cooke’s â€Å"A Change is Gonna Come† has been extraordinary. Rolling Stone magazine declared it number 12 in the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time (â€Å"Song Facts†). The song has been featured in many movies and videos about civil rights, most recently the movie, Malcolm X. Also, the song has been covered by over 50 artists, some of them today including ‘Lil Wayne, Seal, and Adam Lambert (â€Å"Song Facts†). The song still has not lost its Soul roots and meaning over time. Despite the Civil Rights Movement being over, the song can be applied to any issue, struggle, or hard time one may face, which is why it has withstood as a legendary song. â€Å"A Change is Gonna Come† will forever be remembered as a beacon of light to the people of the Civil Rights Movement, and as a highlight of Sam Cooke’s career. He brought Soul to a new level and created a more elegant, clean style with his realistic lyrics and Gospel rooted voice. Because of his achievements and the impact his song had on America, he is remembered as the â€Å"King of Soul,† and the man who â€Å"sang the change† (â€Å"Song Facts†).

Find Out What the Word Punic Means

Find Out What the Word Punic Means Basically, Punic refers to the Punic people, i.e., the Phoenicians. It is an ethnic label. The English term Punic comes from the Latin Poenus. Should we be using the term Carthaginian (a civic label referring to the city of North Africa the Romans called ​Carthago) or Punic when referring to the people of northern Africa fighting in the wars with Rome known as the Punic Wars, since Punic can refer to cities elsewhere, like Utica? Here are two articles that elaborate this confusion and may help you, too: Poenus Plane Est - But Who Were the Punickes?Jonathan R. W. PragPapers of the British School at Rome, Vol. 74, (2006), pp. 1-37The Use of Poenus and Carthaginiensis in Early Latin Literature,George Fredric FrankoClassical Philology, Vol. 89, No. 2 (Apr., 1994), pp. 153-158 The Greek term for Punic is ÃŽ ¦ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ºÃŽ µÃâ€š Phoenikes (Phoenix); whence, Poenus. The Greeks did not distinguish between western and eastern Phoenicians, but the Romans did once those western Phoenicians in Carthage started to compete with the Romans. Phoenicians in the period from 1200 (dates, as on most pages of this site, are B.C./B.C.E.) until the conquest by Alexander the Great in 333, lived along the Levantine coastline (and so, they would be considered eastern Phoenicians). The Greek term for all the Semitic Levantine peoples was ÃŽ ¦ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ºÃŽ µÃâ€š Phoenikes. After the Phoenician diaspora, Phoenician was used to refer to Phoenician people living west of Greece. Phoenician was not, in general, users of the western area until the Carthaginians came to power (mid-6th century). The term Phoenicio-Punic is sometimes used for the areas of Spain, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia, and Italy, where there was a Phoenician presence (this would be the western Phoenicians). Carthaginian is used specifically for Phoenicians who lived in Carthage. The Latin designation, without value-added content, is Carthaginiensis or Afer since Carthage was in northern Africa. Carthage and African are the geographic or civic designations. Prag writes: The basis of the terminological problem is that, if Punic replaces Phoenician as the general term for the western Mediterranean subsequent to the mid-sixth century, then that which is Carthaginian is Punic, but that which is Punic is not necessarily Carthaginian (and ultimately all is still Phoenician). In the ancient world, the Phoenicians were notorious for their trickiness, as is shown in the expression from Livy 21.4.9 about Hannibal: perfidia plus quam punica (treachery more than Punic).

Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Example

Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Example Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Globalisation, is the process of increasing integration among different countries, resulting in the establishment of a single world market. Globalisation has been accelerated in the last 50 years due to the relative stabilisation of international relations, development of international institutions that have assisted in the management of globalisation, technological developments and changes in domestic policy. China has been heavily impacted by the process of globalisation displayed hrough: economic growth, international convergence, economic development and quality of life, international trade, investment, financial markets, distribution of income, the environment and Chinese government economic policy. In this essay I will be especially focussing on how globalisation has impacted economic development and the environmental consequences of globalisation. China is the largest country in terms of population size and has recently become the second largest economy in PPP IJS$ terms. China has made rapid progress in economic and human development by reforming its economy. Between 1978 and 1997, the Chinese government made vast changes allowing its economy to become more efficient and opening up its doors to the global market to reap the benefits globalisation. Chinas recent high growth performance has led to rapid economic development. China sustained an average annual rate of growth in real GDP of 10. 1% between 2003 and 2009. Investment and international trade have been the source of Chinas industrialisation and consequently its rapid growth. This economic growth has lead to economic development with its citizens enjoying rising per capita incomes, rowing by an average of 8. 2% per annum between 1975 and 2005, and improvements in quality of life, rising from a HDI of 0. 530 in 1975 to 0. 777 in 2005. The World Bank estimates that over the last 25 year poverty has been reduced by 400 million people in china, previously living on $1 US dollar a day. Chinas export orientated strategy financed by direct foreign investment has doubled the size of the Chinese economy in the decades of 1980s and 90s. This has resulted in rising real incomes and significant improvements in material indicators and non material ndicators of development for much of Chinas population. Due to the structural changes implemented since 1978 within the economy, the Chinese populations life expectancy, GDP per capita and adult literacy levels and HDI value have all risen Chinas high levels of economic growth can be attributed to international convergence, a key impact of globalisation. The Chinese economy has moved from being a planned economy to a market economy, an agricultural economy to an industrialised economy, a rural based society to an urban based society and has eveloped an outward trade focus capturing the benefits of globalisation. Because of these economic developments china is now a major contributor to global output, growth, trade and investment. Chinas international trade has increased considerably in the recent decades due restructuring of the economy and the reduction of trade barriers. These economic developments have allowed Chinas exports have grown on average by 17% per year since 1978. This has been predominantly due to Western companies that have set up Multination corporations (MNCs) in China which account for a massive 54% of Chinas total exports. The value of Chinas exports grew by 30% per annum between 2003 and 2008 and exports now account for 35% of GDP. Much of the growth reflected the expansion in the processing of goods that have been imported from other countries which has become cheep and efficient to do through globalisation breaking down trade barriers between nation. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China remains a key driver of Chinese economic growth although capital flows eased during the GFC in 2008-9. Investment in China is mainly based around the secondary and tertiary sectors. Investment in urban areas as also increased significantly due to the rapid increase in urbanisation in China. China attracts record levels of FDI as companies shift production to china to take advantage of the cheap labour market. Chinas financial markets are still fairly primitive however China has one of the highest saving rates in the world. This is Largely due to rising incomes, but also due to the lack of a robust social safety net to protect citizens from changing economic circumstances such as unemployment and population ageing. The banking sector was only opened to foreign competition at the end of 2006. This forced Chinese anks to become strong and efficient so as to compete with the international banks. In making the banks more efficient, state owned enterprises also had to increase their efficiency as they no longer were allowed to take low cost loans that were running at a loss for the state bank. These economic developments coupled with increased prudential standards and the improvement of lending practices has allowed for savings to be allocated efficiently for investment purposes, to support medium term growth in the Chinese economy. Chinas impressive growth performance has not benefited all provinces equally as llustrated through the large geographic disparities in the distribution of income. Coastal areas have consistently experienced the fastest economic growth because they benefit from their proximity to the Special Economic Zones such as Shanghai and Shenzhen, where employment and income opportunities are the greatest. veraging 13%, which was five times the level in Chinas slowest growing north western regions (e. g. Tibet). China may be one of the few countries in the world performing well overall in the indicators for the Millennium Development Goals owever in income, education and health, only some parts of China will achieve these goals, leaving behind the vast inl and areas and particularly the western provinces. Chinas high rates of economic growth in the past decades have led to rapid resource use and environment degradation. A Chinese government study suggested that, unless pollution is controlled, by 2020 it will cause 600,000 premature deaths in urban areas and 20m cases of respiratory illnesses. The World Bank estimates that pollution alone costs China approx 10% of Chinas annual GDP, in direct damage to he environment, medical costs, lost output from respiratory illnesses, money spent on disaster relief and the implicit costs of the depletion of natural resources. In fact, in 2005 the endangered and much loved Chinese unicorn became extinct due to deforestation of their natural habitats. The Chinese government has begun to recognise and address the environmental problems that have emerged due to rapid growth and industrialisation. Targets have been set to reduce pollution levels and markets have been established for tradable emission permits which give firms an ncentive to keep pollution at a minimum. These economic developments will lead to higher economic growth and improvements in human development and living standards. Chinese government economic policy since 1978 to today has been a continual process of opening the economy up to market forces and embracing the potential benefits of globalisation. The current government is focusing on continuing economic development and social stability in China. The government has recently begun implemented a more than half a trillion dollar fiscal stimulus package to counter the conomic slowdown, boost domestic demand and prevent a rise in poverty. This economic slowdown of the Chinese economy, triggered by the Global Financial Crisis, and the need for such a large fiscal stimulus package displays how global influences can readily affect globalised economies. Overall Chinas economy has been impacted significantly by globalisation. As discussed, without Chinas exposure to globalisation it could not have sustained such high levels of growth and economically developed so much in such a short period of time. However the Chinese governments policy must see much reform before the conomic development can reach the levels of developed nations. For example Chinas environmental standards must be addressed as China now has the ten most polluted cities in the world causing premature deaths and millions of respiratory related illnesses. Other such issues that need to be addressed by the Chinese government if they want to continue to enjoy high levels of economic growth include development in infrastructure, commercial laws and regulations, social security reform, reform of the labour market, political instability and ecological sustainability.

Case3 599 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case3 599 - Coursework Example It was acquired by John Mackey, a college dropout who started with a Texas natural foods store called ‘Safeway.’ He expanded vigorously and by 1999 had 100 stores. Whole Foods is also listed on NASDAQ, currently as WFM. (Market, 2013) Porter’s Competitive Strategies A well positioned firm can function better even if its outer profitability doesn’t seem to be high compared to other companies. Within an industry, different companies position themselves, according to Michael Porter on different strategies based on their target scope and the advantage they have over other companies. Michael Porter has identified four strategies in this regard: cost leadership strategy which focuses on a broader market segment and low cost strategy to drive out competitors. Secondly, there is the differentiation strategy which also caters industry wise and has the advantage of producing unique products. There are also tow focused strategies which are basically subsections of the two aforementioned strategies; focused cost leadership that caters to a narrower target segment but competes on the basis of price, and focused differentiation strategy which differentiates and is unique yet caters to a narrow market segment. ... d sells them to wholesalers with a promise that they will sell them at a premium price and this is how it has differentiated itself in the minds of consumers. Whole Sales Market has managed to carry on with such a strategy because of the facilities and the skilled expertise to handle and manage differentiation in a broad target market. The firm needs adequate sources and new plants were opened up to cater to the needs of expansion as well. Since these are fast moving goods mostly that WMO produces, the shareholder value model wouldn’t apply as much as the unlimited resource model; that WMO needs to invest and manage risk and uniqueness in order to sustain its position in the marketplace for a long time. However, WMO may also be pursuing a cost leadership strategy which is why it has expanded in less affluent areas as well. Research shows that compared to other organic stores, WMO sells products at a cheaper price. And this is seen in the prices as well as the process of qualit y assurance. Food has to comply with the high quality standards that WMO has to maintain according to its policies; quality comes first. There are 270 stores, and they have their own farmers who also place utmost importance on quality rather than on negotiations over price that compromise quality. Many products of WMO are cheaper than the products at Safeway. They also focus on the ‘Whole Deal’ by either keeping the prices the same and adding value or cutting prices whenever possible without compromising on quality. (Porter, 1998) Congruence The Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model is a theory which aligns the inputs, throughputs and outputs of a system and it functions on the basis of certain assumptions: Organizations are part of a larger environment and social system There are three levels in

Public Health & Patient Safety Teaching in Pharmacy and Allied Health Essay

Public Health & Patient Safety Teaching in Pharmacy and Allied Health Care Curriculum (EXCEPT Medicine Schools) - Essay Example The process also involved a thorough analysis of each part of the module, include a pre-test, and a comparison of those results with the marks earned on module exams (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010). The purpose of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of the new Public Health and Patient Safety module at the University of Hertfordshire. Both areas are covered extensively by the GPhC and, as such, needed a formal place within the pharmaceutical curriculum at university. Recommendations for improving the module were made based upon initial observations and the average performance of students in key sections of the course. The design of this study revolved around the use of an in-depth questionnaire that made use of germinal research and current module information in order to elicit valid and accurate information from each responding student (Eggers & Jones, 1998). An in-depth interview was also conducted with the faculty members in which they were encouraged to give their honest feedback about the module, generally involving perceived strengths and weaknesses relative to student performance. All students were informed of the basis for their study and told that their participation was entirely voluntary. No student was forced to participate, and their eventual participation was kept confidential and anonymous at all times. This process also enabled the distribution of a pre and post survey, analysis of existing course work, and the interviews previously mentioned. The survey results indicates the possible reality that either students are entering the module already possessing much of the requisite information covered in the course, or the module is not proving effective at hitting the major concepts proposed by the GPhC. The implications of this study indicate a need to rework certain sections of the module to cover more areas that are deemed important by the GPhC, thereby better preparing undergraduate students for their exams. The interviews revealed a