Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Essay on The Sacred Words Elements of Poetry - 1512 Words

Program #11 The Sacred Words: Elements of Poetry 1. Understand the importance of economy of language in poetry. It is important because it is the fewest words to fully get your idea across, not rambling on. Program #12: A Sense of Place 1. Show how clues and information in the poem about the setting affect a poems meaning for a reader It affects it changing the reader’s vision about what they are reading. 2. Discuss how a readers understanding of a poem is affected by knowledge about the background and historical and social context of a poem and poet. When you have more knowledge about a context it is easier to understand the concept and the situation in a poem. Program #13 Tools of the Trade: Words and†¦show more content†¦Irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected. 4. Define and recognize examples of synesthesia, apostrophe, and pun. a. Synesthesia = he whole is replace by the part, or the part by the whole. (He has a new set of WHEELS. Give me a HAND.) b. Apostrophe = an address to a person or thing not literally listening. (O Santa, bring me that Porsche Ive always wanted.... O lovely rose, your perfume fills the air.) c. Pun = A joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings. Program #15 An Echo to the Sense: Prosody and Form 1. Define meter and metrical pattern. a. Meter = a pattern of stressed (accented) sounds in English poetry (meter from the Greek word for measure). b. Metrical pattern = line consists of one or more fee t and is named for the number of feet in it. 2. Define â€Å"iambic† and understand that it is the most common type of â€Å"foot† in the English language. a. Iambic = one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. The iam is the most common pattern in English poetry. b. Foot = the basic unit of measurement in a line of poetry. 3. Define and identify assonance and alliteration. a. Assonance = the repetition, in words of proximity, of identical vowel soundsShow MoreRelatedFigure Of Speech InBallad Of Birmingham, By Dudley Randall1059 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyze a poem, you have to first analyze or find the literary elements of the poem to get an idea of the time and place the poem was written. Then, analyze the figure of speech of the poem to understand the meaning of the poem. At last, you have to analyze the elements of poetry that assemble the poem to understand its purpose. The poem â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham† by Dudley Randall is a great example for analyzing the elements of literature and poetry and figure of speech that assemble an exceptional poem.Read MoreEssay on The Analysis – Amazing Grace747 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis – Amazing Grace The poetry â€Å"Amazing Grace† by John Newton is one of the most famous poems ever written and composed. â€Å"Amazing Grace† has been particularly influential and has affected lives since it was written. The reasons why â€Å"Amazing Grace† is influential are for the same reasons why I found this poem very interesting and engaging. The literary elements that attributed to the poem’s quality and importance are its form, content, and tone. These elements are what make â€Å"Amazing Grace†Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Bridge 1402 Words   |  6 Pagespleasure, there is a natural, sacred river that runs past it. The lines describing the river have a markedly different rhythm from the rest of the passage:[30] This is notable because although Xanadu is a real place, there is no Alph river. It does not exist. Coleridge made it up. This is interesting because he s kind of openly saying that while Xanadu is real, it s a place of his imagination; Imagination is a key element or key idea for Romantic poetry - this idea of recreating things inRead MoreByzantine Sacred Arts Bearing The Mystic Ideal Of Human Deification As Ontological Therapy1213 Words   |  5 PagesIn this context, Byzantine sacred arts bearing the mystic ideal of human deification as ontological therapy, can become de-alienating pharmakon by opening a horizon in which man’s (even cyberman’s) essence as homo theologicus can be properly restored and saved. Most modern and contemporary aesthetic doctrines loyal to their post-Kantian heritage have disposed of almost any trace of mystic origin and transcendental telos as a useless waste. For this reason, they prove useless against the onto-emptyingRead MoreEssay about Role of the Imagination for Romantic Poets1672 Words   |  7 Pagesliterary art, particularly poetry. The 18th century conception of art and literature was founded upon reason, logic and rationality. Tradition had valued art and literature for its ability to imitate human life. This however arguably took a step back and paved the way for the 19th century view that art and literature was to established on the grounds of pure emotion, imagination, external and internal experience. Or as William Wordsworth would say that ‘[...] poetry is the spontaneous overflowRead MoreAnalysis Of Kamala Das s Projection Of Self Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesTension and Moral Dilemma occupies an important place, position and appears to be the kernel of Kamala Das’s poetry. Kamala Das’s projection of self is the projection of tension and dilemma in her life. Her projection is biological, psychological, philosophical, confessional, self-expressive, self-recordative, self-exp lorative and self-realised. Her autobiography â€Å"My Story† is clearly projected in her poems and she is exception to others. Her tension of life and symbioses of opposites form theRead MoreAncient Islamic Art And Architecture1735 Words   |  7 PagesQur’anic inscriptions in Islamic art and architecture are common use to honor the words of God. These features not only illustrate the direct relationship between Allah and the Muslims, but they also represent a set of rules that seek to unify different religious groups under Islamic caliphate and design a reminder for citizens to pass on Islamic traditions to future generations. This set of rules defines the authoritarian importance of Islamic law disapproval of iconography of any kind. The Qur’anRead MoreThe Impact Of Ordo Virtutum On The Formation And Development Of Liturgical Drama?1145 Words   |  5 Pagesdramas composed after Ordo Virtutum mainly contained sacred subject matter regarding biblical event s, miracles, and the lives of saints. 2. Ordo Virtutum resembles the subject matter of vernacular morality texts written hundreds of years later, contributing to the revolutionary nature of the play. B. The way in which characters are represented in Ordo Virtutum is unique; the characters are allegorical in nature, contrasting the elements of the human condition and the devil. 1. Ordo VirtutumRead MoreChuang Tzu Essay878 Words   |  4 Pagesby Aven Fisher Through comparing different translations of the same texts one can get an idea of the meanings for the Chinese words used by Chuang Tzu in his work. In comparison to the English language the difference in the translations of the text gives the impression that the Chinese words used are much broader terms and must be simplified before we can describe them in English. This paper will assess the second section of the Chuang Tzu, specifically DiscussionRead More Charles Baudelaire: Romantic, Parnassian, and Symbolist Essay example1712 Words   |  7 Pagesof modernist poetry† while at the same time closely tying his style in with the turbulent revolutionary movements in France and Europe during the 19th century (Haviland, screens 5-10). By comparing three of his poems, â€Å"Spleen,† â€Å"Elevation,† and â€Å"To One Who Is Too Gay,† from his masterpiece The Flowers of Evil, three evident commonalities can be found throughout the works in the influence that t he three 19th-century styles of Romanticism, Parnassianism, and Symbolism had on his poetry. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Charles-Pierre

Monday, December 23, 2019

The Ambiguity Of Behaviorism Human Equality And Freedom...

The Ambiguity of Behaviorism: Human Equality and Freedom YI TSAM MARY KONG University of British Columbia The Ambiguity of Behaviorism: Human Equality and Freedom Behaviorism on learning and memory occupies an important position in the history of psychology. John B. Watson is the father of behaviorism while B.F. Skinner is the most famous behaviorist of the twentieth century. Watson’s methodological behaviorism means that it is only the behaviors of an individual that can be objectively observed. Skinner’s radical behaviorism emphasized that behaviors of human and animals are blindly influenced by environment. In this case, Watson and Skinner share similar views of behaviorism. For instance, they believe that the proper objectives of behavioral research include prediction and control (Staddon and Bueno, 1991). However, there are remarkable discrepancies in their views of human equality and freedom. Watson promoted the progressive process of human equality by maintaining concept of â€Å"tabula rasa†, whereas Skinner insisted that freedom is an illusion, so that he pr ovided the adverse effect to the dictatorial institution. The fact is that the potential ambiguity produces a strong influence on people’s thinking and has a practical significance on society. According to the famous â€Å"Rats maze† experiment, Watson began by challenging the underlying assumption of instinct (Berntson and Cacioppo, 2000). Watson and Morgan (1917) are considered to beShow MoreRelatedVictimization due to an Abusive Relationship2876 Words   |  12 Pagesstudy into domestic violence. This attitude permeates throughout civilization and the effects are harmful. Emphatically, behaviorism has long been an object of research by many different fields with renowned scientists developing various theories to explain behavior. One such renowned scientist was Ivan Pavlov who introduced classical conditioning to explain behaviorism. Classical conditioning is a form of social learning and conditioning where stimulus responses are essential. Classical conditioningRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesUnderstanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction Read MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesPhilosophical Library: New York, 1959). The terms language and language system (see especially Chapter 3 of this volume) translate de Saussure s crucial distinction between langage and langue. Language (langage) indicates language in general, that is, the human linguistic capacity. It is the universal category that contains the myriad specific instances of language system (langue): French, English, Urdu, but in addition, those other languages of chess, of heraldry, of computers, etc. Speech (parole) is

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Health Issues in the Aborigines Culture Free Essays

string(297) " expectancy than that of non-indigenous communities with Aboriginal males expected to live for around 57 years as compared to 62 years for their female counterparts; this translates to a shortfall of around 18 to 20 years when compared to non-aborigines \(Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008\)\." Health Issues in the Aborigines Culture Over the course of history, the state of Aboriginal health has deteriorated in a relation much similar to the culture’s struggle to survive in the ever-changing society. As a result, this state has changed from an ideal balance with nature during the days of their hunter-gatherer lifestyle, to the more disoriented form of endurance in order to cope with obligatory integration and open antagonism by other ‘modern’ communities (Grbich, 2004). This has led to an augmentation of the encumbrance of illness and death as well as diverse forms of morbidity that Aboriginal communities experience throughout their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Issues in the Aborigines Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is indeed ironical that while under the context of an organized and industrialized nation such as Australia, indigenous communities continue to face increased health problems even despite countrywide efforts at eradicating health risks thereby reducing mortality rates for children and adults alike as well as communicable and non-communicable morbidity indicators. Indigenous health problems are also noted to be a combination of third world-associated quandaries such as high rates of maternal and infant mortality as well as low life expectancy, malnutrition and other communicable diseases; as well as more ‘Western lifestyle’ health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, drug and alcohol abuse, mental illness, and many others (Lewis, 2003). This paper therefore looks at the epidemiology of the state of health for the Aboriginal community, delving into the possible sociological reasons behind this increasingly deplorable condition. At the same time, a clearer perspective will be offered into the widening gap that is noted between the state of health for Aboriginal communities and that of other Australians further putting this into a social context. The effect of a modern society on health care provision to indigenous communities is also discussed, as well as the health issues facing these people such as high blood pressure, stress, drugs, alcohol and poor children’s health. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2008), the Aboriginal community faces higher rates of ill health than any other group in Australia. From the estimate of an average of 450,000 Aborigines in Australia, it is observed that when compared to other communities, this community faces enhanced problems of chronic illness and problems from cigarette smoking in addition to other health issues. Among the various problems faced by the Aboriginal people include children’s health issues. These include low birth weight accompanied by an infant mortality rate that is almost three times that of the national average; such a figure results to 15. 2 deaths of Aborigine infants as compared to 5 from other communities per 1,000 births (Thomas, 2003). Other factors connected to low birth weight include that of an enhanced risk for consequent diseases during puberty and adulthood that may lead to neonatal death. Low birth weight of the infant is associated with a slow growth rate and short pregnancy length, with Aboriginal women noted to have a 12. 4% chance to have a low birth weight baby as compared to 6. 2% for a non-Aboriginal woman (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). Other issues noted in Aboriginal children include the prevalence of poverty among the members of this group thereby leading to ill-health and poor benefits especially for the young. In addition to a higher rate of low birth weight in Aboriginal women, their children also face a greater risk of malnutrition. The advantage of breastfeeding is noted during the early months, with this offering an additional defense against common infant diseases. However, after weaning, the lack of nutritious foods increases the likelihood of children to contract infectious diseases further enhancing the children’s malnutrition. Other health problems faced by children include the prevalence of middle ear infection, consequently affecting the learning abilities of the child that may have speech and hearing problems. At the same time, the high rate of smoking among the Aboriginal community leads to a high exposure of the children to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and even after birth. This then leads to the noted increase in the prevalence of respiratory disorders including asthma and other related ailments. Other diseases faced by pre-pubescent Aborigines include chest and throat infections as well as injuries from accidents. Adult male Aborigines also face higher risks of accidental injuries as compared to non-aboriginal adult males. This increases their chances for hospitalization which is also enhanced by heart and chest diseases as well as digestive tract ailments. Aboriginal women similarly have higher rates of urinary and reproductive complications as compared to non-aboriginal women with the latter complications leading to strained pregnancy and births. On an overall basis, members of the Aboriginal communities are twice as likely to be hospitalized as compared their non-aboriginal counterparts (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). These results from an enhanced susceptibility to injuries sustained during accidents as well as the aforementioned causes. It is also noted that Aboriginal people usually have a higher vulnerability to infectious diseases such as sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, as well as other potentially fatal conditions such as Tuberculosis and Haemophilus influenza type b (Lutschini, 2005). Diet and nutrition plays a major role in the state of health of the Aboriginal people. Before the influence of settlers who arrived in Australia, Aboriginal people were used to their hunter-gatherer lifestyles that incorporated the consumption of wild meats and fallow plants. These customary foods were rich in nutrients, protein and carbohydrates, while also having limited supplies of sugars and fat. As a result, the Aboriginal people were healthy and did not face diet-related ailments. With the introduction of Westernized foods, which contain higher levels of sugars and fat, while being low on essential nutrients, the Aboriginal people have become more vulnerable to diet disorders such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. This increased rate is also noted to be higher in Aborigines than in non-aborigines who are considered to be used to these ‘modern’ foods. Aboriginal people have also been noted to have a shorter life expectancy than that of non-indigenous communities with Aboriginal males expected to live for around 57 years as compared to 62 years for their female counterparts; this translates to a shortfall of around 18 to 20 years when compared to non-aborigines (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). You read "Health Issues in the Aborigines Culture" in category "Papers" There are diverse causes of this early death amongst the aborigines that include twice the rate of cardiovascular disorders that include strokes and heart failures as compared to non-aborigines. At the same time, aborigines are three times as likely to succumb to injuries sustained from accidents as well as other causes such as homicide and even suicide. When seeking an explanation as to these health profiles, it is important to take into consideration the historical context of the changing environment that the Aborigines have had to contend with. Prior to European colonization, these individuals were used to a supportive environment as well as a multifaceted social support network. They also had an advanced comprehension of their ecology which was advantageous in providing all their nutritional and health requirements. This was also enhanced by an active lifestyle whose foundation was a community that promoted a family culture that exhibited psychosocial veracity (White, 2002). The advent of colonization brought with it a change in lifestyle making the Aborigines more inactive and dependent on the European settlers. This resulted in their acquisition of undesirable products and infectious diseases that their health systems were not equipped to handle. At the same time, a societal shift was noted that clashed with the culture, heritage as well as the concept of family that the Aborigines were used to. In recent years, there has been an effort at social integration coupled with dealing with public health issues at all facets of the community (Carson, Dunbar Chenhall, 2007). However, even with an overall reduction in the mortality and death rates of all Australians, it is noted that the Aboriginal community still records significantly higher rates of the same. Due to the overall effect that historical events have had on the Aboriginal community including lack of education, poor employment opportunities, elevated drug and alcohol abuse, the improvement of health amongst this community continues to be an uphill battle. Other problems are as a result of the lack of access to health services by some Aboriginal communities. This is credited to both the physical distance to such amenities as well as various aspects of cultural insensitivity. Due to the occupation of rural areas by the Aboriginal people, they accessibility to healthcare is hampered by the lack of transport usually resulting in less frequent visits to health professionals. The cultural perception about health and quality of health services also plays a major role in healthcare service provision (Germov, 2004). Indeed, it is noted that the Aborigines are more likely to be influenced by spiritual beliefs such as curses and punishment from alleged transgression than biomedical views on health. As a result, Aboriginal people are more likely to accept the views of traditional healers as opposed to opinions offered by Western health professionals. Other conflicts between traditional Aboriginal views and those provided under the constructs of biomedical provisions include the notion of informed consent especially when an approval is sought to proceed with a medical procedure. For instance traditional applications of the role of kinship as well as community relationships will take precedence, in the minds of the Aborigines, over that of the sole consent of a patient (McGrath Phillips, 2008). These cultural differences also expand into the concepts of immediacy and time, the comprehension of health and illness, as well as information on the potential benefits, and harms of treatment especially when a language barrier is present thereby hindering the patient-doctor interaction. In precis of the epidemiological aspects of Aboriginal health, it is noted that the advent of European colonization brought with it the change in the community’s health structure. This was either due to an alteration of the epidemiological dynamics of diseases that were already present including an induction of novel and contagious diseases, or by a change in lifestyle increasing the vulnerability of the indigenous people to such ailments. Irrespective of the sources of the problem, it is noted that the prevalence of health problems is higher in Aborigines than in non-aborigines with inequities arising due to inadequate healthcare for the former, as well as cultural disparities that exist between the two societies and that promote the further segregation of health services among them. When making considerations into the various views held by social theorists to the situations faced by Aborigines, a further analysis can be drawn into the health situation and the disparities faced by this community in relation to that of non-aborigines. Marx’s view of class, work and alienation, is such a theory. This theory has been utilized by many ideologists who have affirmed the presence of an oppressive structure in any society that is maintained by the dominant culture, language or social position (Western Najman, 2000). The lesser group therefore undergoes manipulation and control at the will of the more ascendant group. This phenomenon is also noted to traverse generations, cultures and time therefore being present in all societies. To further its causes, the dominant culture promotes its ideologies through education as well as other services provisions which favor the ruling class and keep the lesser group unaware of their rights. Thus the ownership of power of capital maintain structures that provide for the maintenance and concentration of this power among the elite thereby ensuring that it is not lost or watered down with the effects of time. Such structures, according to various social theorists, extend past the constructs of schools and education and even go as far as health provisions such as the case under study (McGrath Phillips, 2008). In the societal and cultural context of the state of Aboriginal health in Australia, it can be argued that its structure over time has been altered to serve the best interests of the more dominant non-aboriginal communities. As a result, the Aboriginal people have received constant interference, oppression and misinterpretation as to the rights that are provided to them in healthcare as well as other community services that they are entitled to. There are also similarities noted between this form domination and the colonialist tyranny by Europeans over other societies in Africa, South American and parts of East Asia. The main effect of such oppression was the changing of the mindset or perceptions of the indigenous communities as to their rights and the changes they had to make to their traditions (Grbich, 2004). Proponents of this view argue of its accurate assertion on the negative Western attitudes towards cultural aspects and the wellbeing of Aboriginal people and how these have been propagated in all aspects of the society, including healthcare provision. This can therefore be construed as the actions of a dominant culture that reserves its gains in science to not only promote the agenda of this ‘stronger’ community but to also portray the Aborigines as being crushed and submissive. This further alienates the two societies further alienating the Aboriginal people and resulting in cultural insensitivity. Indeed, this has been noted as one of the reasons behind why the Aborigines do not advocate for the use of biomedical options of treatment but opt to stick to traditional forms of healing based more on their spiritual beliefs. The sociological change in relation to this theory can be observed with the Aboriginal approach at self-empowerment in which they aim at gaining the necessary skills to seek their rights thereby gaining security from current and future forms of oppression. This is evident with the acceptance by the Aboriginal communities to not only seek biomedical approaches to treatment but to also comprehend the underlying aspects of science and language that the non-aboriginal communities had used to oppress them in the past. By taking a proactive approach at undertaking research into the health issues affecting them as well as the possible application of their findings into their communities, the Aboriginal people are gaining assurance and assertion from the knowledge of medicine and other forms of science through. As a result, the possibility of improving their health and wellbeing becomes an ever-closer reality (White, 2002). Another perspective that can be adopted scrutinize issues based on Aboriginal health are those proposed by Erving Goffman. This theorist discussed various notions such as stigma, passing, deviance and social control and how these affected social structures and the manner in which individual members of a community interacted with each other. For instance, Goffman affirmed that the prevalence of stigma resulted from the lack of comprehension of an unknown, with this perspective leading to a change of attitude or behavior towards the object under scrutiny. This theorist further described three forms of stigma including physical abominations, imperfections of character, and tribal stigma (Lewis, 2003). Aspects of the latter form can therefore be observed in the provision of healthcare to Aboriginal communities being neglected by the mainstream communities that are predominantly non-aboriginal. This is due to a lack of understanding of the Aboriginal customs and beliefs especially regarding health and illness and the associated forms of treatment. Similarly proponents of the theorist’s views assert the clear observations of aspects of social control against Aboriginal communities in all aspects of the society, and including the healthcare system. In the past, some form of segregation has been observed amongst healthcare providers when offering their services to Aborigines and non-aborigines (Carson et al. , 2007). The poor delivery of health services the former leads to the deplorable health state of this particular community and can be further attributed to the widening gap between the states of health on a community level. Providing primary health care to meet specific Aboriginal needs has not been put under consideration with this being a major indicator of the flaws of the system. Various other social theorists have added their diverse views about the state of health of the Aboriginal community in Australia. According to McGrath Phillips (2008), research into the effects of public health system and especially on the response by various institutions to indigenous public health needs is lacking. At the same time, healthcare provision for aboriginal communities is not directed by the needs of the indigenous people, as it should be, thereby demonstrating a flaw in the power structure between non-aboriginal health experts and Aboriginal health workers. As a result, provision of indigenous health care takes a back seat thereby promoting the already deplorable state of affairs. Such a notion is further promoted by the sociological view that the flaws in the public healthcare systems that are not in the favor of the Aboriginal community, stem from the unbalanced nature of the political economy. According to this perspective, the political and economic relations that exist promote the negative effects noted in the public healthcare system. The asymmetrical access that the Aboriginal people have to the political and economic resources in Australia is therefore translated into various structural and situational disadvantages such as the lack of access to health services by Aboriginal communities. At the same time, the public health system is flawed for dealing with population-based aspects of healthcare in which the population is considered to be asocial. The resultant notion therefore asserts that the public health system assumes that the needs of various communities are similar and that no underlying societal disparities exist (Western Najman, 2000). The resultant situation is that of a system that deals with the needs of the predominant culture or community which in this case is that of the non-aborigines and neglects the needs of the lesser communities. This leads to the lack of appropriate health care for the needs of the Aboriginal people further adding to the poor state of health affairs faced by the indigenous societies. In retrospect, the sociological explanations behind the state of Aboriginal health are noted to be based on flaws in the political and economic structures that provide the basis of public health. As a result, a relation can be further made between the social and political influences and the provision of public healthcare to Indigenous communities. Such flawed structures can therefore be blamed for the poor state of affairs in a situation that can be controlled by an emphasis for health services that cater for the needs of the Aboriginal community. Such systems should also not offer any room to any form of segregation whether as a result of stigma or as a result of forms of oppression by a dominant culture over another that it deems as inferior. Aboriginal health is indeed an important aspect of health, illness and well-being in Australia that needs consideration. The increasing disparities that are noted between the states of health of Aborigines and non-aborigines provide a sufficient need to worry especially with the differences being added by sociological boundaries that exist in the healthcare system. The changes in social, political and economic attitudes should provide a foundation to improve health services and awareness of the Aboriginal community in order to increase life expectancy, decrease mortality rates at all stages of life, reduce the impact of diseases and enhance the social and emotional well being of members of this and all communities, thereby leading to a unified healthy nation. Works Cited Australian Bureau of Statistics 2008, The Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008, Viewed June 3, 2009, Carson, B, Dunbar, T ; Chenhall, RD 2007, Social Determinants of Indigenous Health, Allen ; Unwin, Sydney Eckersley, R, Dixon, J, Douglas, RM ; Douglas B 2001, The social origins of health and well-being, Cambridge University Press Grbich, C 2004, Health in Australia: Sociological Concepts and Issues, Pearson Longman, Sydney Germov, J 2004, Second opinion: an introduction to Health Sociology, Oxford, Melbourne Lewis, MJ 2003, The People’s Health: Public health in Australia, Greenwood Publishing Group, Sydney Lutschini, M 2005, ‘Engaging with holism in Australian Aboriginal health policy – a review’, Australia / New Zealand Health Policy, vol. 2, no. 5, Department of Public Health, University of Melbourne McGrath, P Phillips, E 2008 ‘Western Notions of Informed Consent and Indigenous Cultures: Aus tralian Findings at the Interface’, Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 21-31 Thomas, RK 2003, Society and health: sociology for health professionals, Springer Publishers, New York Western, JS Najman, JM 2000, A sociology of Australian society, Macmillan Education, Sydney White, K 2002, An Introduction to the Sociology of Health and Illness, Sage Publications: London Willis, E 2004, The Sociological Quest: an introduction to the study of social life (4th Ed), Allen Unwin, Sydney How to cite Health Issues in the Aborigines Culture, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Selection Are Big Issues In Organization †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Selection Are Big Issues In Organization? Answer: Introduction The report talks about the various key challenges for recruiting the workforce. BHP Billiton Company has been selected for the report. BHP Billiton is an Anglo Australian multinational company which deals in mining, petroleum, and metals. The company was founded in 1885, as a broken hill proprietary company limited and Its headquarter is located in Melbourne, Victoria Australia. It was the biggest mining company in the world by market value and it was a fourth largest company by revenue in Australia. The company was formed in 2001, through the merger and amalgamation of the Australian broken hill proprietary limited company and the Anglo Dutch Billiton plc. It is a dual listed Australian company. The revenue of the company is approx $30.9 billion(2016) and the operating income of the company is US$6.2 billion(2016). Approx 65,000 employees are working in the company. The company appoints the employees through recruitment and selection process so various challenges are faced by the co mpany (Al Farooque, Kotey Ahulu, 2014). Recruitment and selection: Recruitment and selection are the important function human resource management. Recruitment is the process of searching and appointing the potential and talented candidate with the desired skills, knowledge, and experience. Through effective recruitment and selection process, the company selects the most suitable candidate for the employment (Dickie Dwyer, 2011). Key challenges for recruiting the workforce There are many key challenges for recruiting the workforce in this company, they are discussed below. Recruitment, planning and training staff: The BHP Billiton operates its business in developing countries in Africa and Asia. Although these countries provide a large number of cheap and economical labors, still the company faces many key challenges. The governments of the nations usually prefer the local labors. Therefore, the workers are not skilled which require the international market and BHP Billiton. Training and recruitment are the major key challenge for the company (Arthur, 2012). Cultural differences between local staff and expatriates: Many expatriates suffer from the culture issues when they enter in a new country. Sometimes, people get a failure to adopt the culture of the company and they do not be able to give the best performance in order to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. It affects the business activities of the company. Thus, it is the major key challenge which is faced by the company. Cross cultural training for international managers: Approx 40% managers fail to adapt to the new environment of the company. Thus, it affects the financial and legal system of the company. It is the important key challenge for recruitment the employees. Training and evaluation across a broad variety of cultures: Training and evaluation of performance affect the business activities of BHP Billiton. The company needs to provide a training and evaluation for the variety of culture. It is very costly and time-consuming process. Labor supply and demand: Labor supply and demand is a major key challenge for recruiting the workforce in the organization. The company could not find the skilled labor in the market. There is a shortage of skilled and potential labor in the organization. The company demands the skilled and potential employees for doing work. Mainly, the company needs sales person and administrative executive to increase and expand the business of the company. But most of the people do not prefer the sales job thus, it affects the image of the company. The company is not able to appoint the potential employees because they demand a high salary and wages and the company does not provide the good wages to them (Rothwell, Jackson, Ressler, Jones Brower, 2015). Highly Employee turnover: This is the major key challenge for recruiting the workforce in the company. It does not provide the appropriate wages to potential employees as a result employee turnover is increasing in the company day by day. Therefore, the employees are joining other companies like Acronic Inc and Rio Tinto Limited. These are the competitors of BHP Billiton. Thus the competitors are taking more benefits through employee turnover in such company. Employee turnover affects the business operation, productivity, and efficiency of the company. Organizational image: It is the biggest challenge for recruiting the workforce in such company. The organizational image affects the various factors such as working environment of the company and wages and high turnover of the employees. If the image of the company is not good in the market then it will influence the performance and productivity of the employee. Thus, it will increase and boost the obstacles and issue in the organization (Kaplan, Dominis, Palen Quain, 2013). Demographic issues: Demographic changes affect the business operation of the company. Demographic issues like age, culture, religion, custom, and diversity. These are the big challenges for recruiting the workforce in BHP Billiton. Mainly, the organization appoints the male workers rather than female staff. Therefore, it does not maintain equality in the working environment and the company does not provide the good opportunities to female staff. In this way, the company cannot use and utilize the skills and potential of female staff. On the other side, the company appoints only young workers and it does not hire the older people (Awofeso, 2010). Thus, it is the major challenge for recruiting the workforce in the organization. Although it provides good opportunities to young employees for doing the job it affects the revenue and profit of the company. The young generations are new at the workplace and they are not being able to share their experience and knowledge with other employees . They do not use the business resources and technology in an effective way due to the little knowledge and experience. On the other hand, older people have experienced person and they have already good knowledge and skills to perform the work effective way. But the HR department of BHP Billiton does not appoint the older people. It is the biggest challenge for recruiting the workforce in the organization. Climate Challenge is another key issue for the company and it affects the image of the company. The other major issue is diversity and it is a major challenge for recruiting the workforce in such company. The company does not diversify its business in all over the world. Thus, many people do not join the company because they feel that without diversification the company cannot expand its business operations and they cannot gain knowledge and experience. Through diversity, the company generates good and innovative ideas and thoughts but due to challenges in the workforce, the compa ny is not able to take the benefits of diversity (Curtis, Wikaire, Stokes Reid, 2012). Relationship with hiring managers: It is the major challenge for the company. After the recruitment, a number key issues and obstacles arise between employees and hiring managers. It will influence the performance and efficiency of employees. The company is not being able to resolve this issue. Strategies to reduce the key challenges for recruiting the workforce in BHP Billiton The strategies to address these challenges are discussed below. The company should make effective recruitment strategies to improve the key obstacles which are faced by the company. In this way, the company can appoint talented and potential employees (Sparrow Cooper, 2012). BHP Billiton should carefully observe the culture of the other countries. Thus, the company should provide the cross cultural training to employees. The company should provide the favorable working environment to employees. In this way, the employees will perform the task effectively and they will improve the productivity and efficiency. The managers should delegate the power and responsibilities towards middle and lower management because it will motivate them to perform the duties effectively. The company should follow the equal remuneration system for the employees. The company should appoint the female staff in the organization. In this way, womens will also participate in the business operation and activities of the company. It should provide the high wages to potential and talented employees. It will help to reduce the high employee turnover within the organization. The company should make effective strategies for the training of employees. It should conduct the training and development programs to improve and enhance the skills and knowledge of the workers. The organization should introduce the global culture within its organization. Therefore the employees will be able to understand the culture of the company. It should maintain a balance between labor supply and demand to attract the people within the organization (Campbell, McAllister Eley, 2012). It should follow the ethics and code of conduct in the organization. Further, the company should provide the health benefits to employees. The senior managers and supervisors must maintain the favorable relationship with employees. They should maintain coordination and cooperation with workers. The top management should resolve the employee's grievances and complaints in order to improve the recruiting the workforce in the company. In addition, the company should use good channels for advertising to recruit the employees at the workplace. The channels of advertisement include the local newspaper, social media, company website, and online source (Stone Deadrick, 2015). BHP Billiton should diversify the business activities and operations across the world. Conclusion BHP Billiton is one of the biggest companies in mining, metals and petroleum industry. But the various recruitment key challenges are faced by the company. Thus, the organization should reduce these challenges in order to maintain sustainability and achieve organizational goals and objectives. References Al Farooque, O., Kotey, B., Ahulu, H. (2014). 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